Q: Statements: Raman is always successful. No fool is always successful. Conclusions: I. Raman is a fool. II. Raman is not a fool.
Solution: Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only II follows.
Q: Statements: Some hens are cows. All cows are horses. Conclusions: I. Some horses are hens. II. Some hens are horses.
Solution: Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, II follows. I is the converse of II and so it also holds.
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